1st, the easy answer: Assuming you reach the same rpm with either sprocket set up (i.e. a rev limiter), the loss in top speed is directly porportional to the ratio change. If your stock setup is 14/46 (3.285/1 ratio) like the US spec bikes, and you go with say a 14/48 (3.428/1 ratio), your top speed will be your old top speed x 3.285 / 3.428. So, if you currently hit 120 mph, your new top speed will be 120x3.285/3.428 = 115 mph.
Your acceleration will increase by the same ratios. Since 3.285/3.428= 0.958, this means your acceleration will be 4.2% better in any gear.
Now the physics: In fact, the difference in top speed will be a less than this, since your bike will probably be able to pull a little more rpm with the new ratio. The top speed is more a function of available horse power and aero+mechanical drag, if there is no rev limiter in play, than it is of gear ratio. The trick the racers know is that you must get your bike to pull top gear all the way up to the rpm that matches the peak hp for maximum top speed.
It is fully possible that your top speed will increase due to having a lower ratio because the hp climbs with rpm on the stock B4's up to about 12.5krpm. So if you currently run out of steam at about 11.5krpm (stock gearing, 120 mph), the new ratio may allow you to pull up to 12.5krpm, with the new ratio would equal 125 mph.
BTW, Chaparral lists rear sprockets from 33 up to 66 tooth. They only list the 14 T front. Make sure the chain you order is sufficient in length to accomodate the larger rear sprocket, the Bandit has pretty limited adjustability with the rear wheel.
Good luck and let us know how it works out.